孙子兵法势篇及中英文对照

导读：势 篇 孙子曰： 凡治众如治寡，分数是也；斗众如斗寡，形名是也；三军之众，可使必受敌而无败者，奇正是也；兵之所加，如以碫投卵者，虚实是也。

中文：

势 篇 孙子曰： 凡治众如治寡，分数是也；斗众如斗寡，形名是也；三军之众，可使必受敌而无败者，奇正是也；兵之所加，如以碫投卵者，虚实是也。 凡战者，以正合，以奇胜。故善出奇者，无穷如天地，不竭如江海。终而复始，日月是也。死而复生，四时是也。声不过五，五声之变，不可胜听也。色不过五，五色之变，不可胜观也。味不过五，五味之变，不可胜尝也。战势不过奇正，奇正之变，不可胜穷也。奇正相生，如循环之无端，孰能穷之？ 激水之疾，至于漂石者，势也；鸷鸟之疾，至于毁折者，节也。是故善战者，其势险，其节短。势如彍弩，节如发机。 纷纷纭纭，斗乱而不可乱；浑浑沌沌，形圆而不可败也。乱生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于强。治乱，数也；勇怯，势也；强弱，形也。 故善动敌者，形之，敌必从之；予之，敌必取之。以利动之，以卒待之。 故善战者，求之于势，不责于人，故能择人而任势。任势者，其战人也，如转木石。木石之性，安则静，危则动，方则止，圆则行。 故善战人之势，如转圆石于千仞之山者，势也。 孙子说：管理大部队如同管理小部队一样，这是军队的组织编制问题；指挥大部队作战如同指挥小部队作战一样，这是指挥号令问题；统帅全军，能够一旦遭到敌人进攻而不失败的，这是“奇正”的战术变化问题；军队进攻敌人，如同以石击卵一样，这是“避实击虚”的正确运用问题。 作战都是用“正兵”当敌，用“奇兵”取胜。所以善于出奇制胜的将帅，其战法变化就像天地那样不可穷尽，像江河那样永不枯竭。入而复出，是日月的运行；去而又来，是四季的更迭。乐音不过五个，然，而五音的变化就听不胜听；颜色不过五种，然而五色的变化就看不胜看；滋味不过五味，然而五味的变化就尝不胜尝：作战的战术不过“奇”“正”，然而“奇正”的变化就无穷无尽。“奇”“正”互相转化，就像顺着圆环旋转一样，无首无尾，谁能穷尽它呢? 湍急的流水飞快地奔泻，以致能漂移石头，这就是“势”。雄鹰迅飞搏击，以致能捕杀鸟兽，这就是“节”。所以善于指挥作战的人，进攻时态势险峻，冲锋时节奏急促。险峻的态势就像张满的弓弩，急促的节奏就像击发的弩机。 旌旗纷纷，人马纭纭，在混乱状态中作战而指挥不乱；浑浑沌沌，迷迷蒙蒙，在复杂形势下布阵而下会失败。示敌混乱，是因为有严整的组织；示敌怯懦，是因为有勇敢的素质；示敌弱小，是因为有强大的兵力。严整、混乱，这是组织编制的问题；勇敢、怯懦，这是态势好坏的问题；强大、弱小，这是实力大小的问题。所以，善于调动敌人的将帅，用假象迷惑敌人，敌人就会听从调动；用小利引诱敌人，敌人就会来夺取。用小利调动敌人，用重兵伺机击败敌人。 所以善于指挥作战的人，总是去造成有利的态势，而不苛求部属，因此能选择适当的将帅去造成有利的态势。善于造成有利态势的将帅，他指挥部队作战，就像滚动木头、石头一样。木头、石头的特点是，放在安稳平坦的地方就静止，放在陡险的地方就滚动；方的静止不动，圆的滚动灵活。所以，善于指挥作战的人所造成的有利态势，就像转动圆石从八百丈的高山上滚下来一样。这就是“势”。

英文：

Momentum ( shi 势) Sunzi said: There is no difference between administering many troops and few troops. It is a matter of organization, of instituting layers of control. There is no difference between commanding a large army and a small one. It is a matter of communications, of establishing all efficient system of command signals. Thanks to the combined use of qi ( 奇 ) and zheng ( 正 ) tactics, the army is able to withstand the onslaught of the enemy forces. By staying clear of the enemy's strong points and striking at his weak points, it is able to fall upon the enemy like using a whetstone to crush an egg. Generally, in battle, use zheng to engage the enemy and use qi to score victory. The resourcefulness of those skilled in the use of qi is as inexhaustible as heaven and earth and as unending as the flow of rivers; it is like the sun and the moon which end their course only to begin anew, like the four seasons which pass only to return once more. There are no more than five tones in music, yet their combinations give rise to countless melodies. There are no more than five primary colors, yet in combination, they produce innumerable hues. There are no more than five flavors, yet their blends produce endless varieties. In military tactics, there are only two types of operation, qi and zheng, yet their variations are limitless. They constantly change from one to the other, like moving in a circle with neither a beginning nor an end. Who can exhaust their possibilities? When torrential water moves boulders, it is because of its momentum. When falcons strike and destroy their prey, it is because of perfect timing. Thus, when launching an offensive, a good commander creates a good posture which provides him with an irresistible momentum and when he attacks, it is with lightning speed. The momentum is similar to that of a fully-drawn crossbow, the speed to that of the arrow leaving the bow. Amidst the chaos of men and horses locked in battle beneath waving banners, there must be no disorder in command. The troops may appear to be milling about in circles, but they should be arrayed in a way that guarantees them against defeat. To simulate disorder, there must be strict organization. To simulate fear, there must be great courage. To simulate weakness, there must be strength. Order comes from organization, courage from momentum, and strength from disposition. Thus, those who are skilled in keeping the enemy on the move puzzle him with deceptive appearances according to which he will react. They lure the enemy with baits which he is certain to take. In so doing, they keep the enemy on the move and pounce on him at the right moment. Therefore, one who is skilled at directing war always tries to turn file situation to his advantage rather than make excessive demands on his subordinates. Hence, he is able to select the fight men and exploit the situation. He who is skilful in turning the situation to his advantage can send his men into battle as he would roll logs or rocks. Logs and rocks remain immobile when they are on level ground, but roll forward when on a steep slope. The square ones do not move. The round ones roll with agility. Thus the strategic advantage of troops skillfully commanded in battle may be compared to the momentum of round boulders rolling down from mountain heights.